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report [2024/06/17 00:04] – [6.5 Liability] team1report [2024/06/19 21:40] (current) – [3.1 Scope] team1
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 ==== - Scope ==== ==== - Scope ====
-In order to be more precise about the scope of the project than in the introduction, from a project management point of view, the following objectives are to be achieved, also illustrated in Figure {{ref>scope}}: \\+In order to be more precised about the scope of the project than in the introduction, from a project management point of view, the following objectives are to be achieved, also illustrated in Figure {{ref>scope}}: \\
  - Initial research: First of all, initial research has to be done to find out the state of the art. At this point, the marketing analysis can be started, which will provide new strategies to innovate by following ethical and sustainable ideas.\\  - Initial research: First of all, initial research has to be done to find out the state of the art. At this point, the marketing analysis can be started, which will provide new strategies to innovate by following ethical and sustainable ideas.\\
  -   - 
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 The main idea was to build a device that reuses coffee grounds to grow edible mushrooms, while composing the coffee grounds. For the development of the mushrooms there should be a dark room for the mycelium growth and a light room for the fruit growth, because these are the ideal conditions. The main idea was to build a device that reuses coffee grounds to grow edible mushrooms, while composing the coffee grounds. For the development of the mushrooms there should be a dark room for the mycelium growth and a light room for the fruit growth, because these are the ideal conditions.
-After the mycelium growth is finished the small boxes need to move to the light room. To avoid energy consumption, the boxes are on a rail and move because of gravity. The sensors should check the humidity, air quality and temperature and by opening a valve on the water tank or turning the ventilation on it is possible to have an impact on the climate in the device. The water tanks are on top of the chambers to avoid the use of a pump.+After the mycelium growth is finished the small boxes need to move to the light room. To avoid energy consumption, the boxes are on a roller conveyor and move because of gravity. The sensors should check the humidity, air quality and temperature and by opening a valve on the water tank or turning the ventilation on it is possible to have an impact on the climate in the device. The water tanks are on top of the chambers to avoid the use of a pump.
  
 To improve the product a second drawing was made to optimize the function and to keep the price as low as possible. In Figure {{ref>drawing2}} you can see the second drawing. To improve the product a second drawing was made to optimize the function and to keep the price as low as possible. In Figure {{ref>drawing2}} you can see the second drawing.
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 <WRAP center centeralign> <WRAP center centeralign>
 <figure 3d> <figure 3d>
-{{:whatsapp_image_2024-03-20_at_4.44.14_pm.jpeg?400|}}<caption>First 3d model</caption>+{{:whatsapp_image_2024-03-20_at_4.44.14_pm.jpeg?400|}}<caption>First 3D model</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-After the first revision, some adaptions were made, which resulted in a new 3d model, as can be seen in Figure {{ref>first3d}}. +After the first iteration, some adjustments were made, resulting in a new 3D model, as shown in Figure {{ref>box1}}, {{ref>box2}} and {{ref>box3}}. The format of the first box was designed to use the coffee grounds only once. However, it turned out that the coffee grounds could be used twice. So the idea of repeating this process was added to the previous design, resulting in a new format. The new CoffeeMush consists of two levels: the dark room and the light room. It can be filled with 14 boxes on each level, allowing the mushrooms to grow twice! A hole was made in the second level so that air could flow into the first, keeping all the mushrooms in the best condition. The only inconvenience with this new design is that when the mycelium is ready, it has to be moved by hand from the dark to the light room. An ESP-32CAM was also added to allow the mushrooms to be seen in both the dark room and the light room. The current format of the small boxes was not good. They were much too high and this would prevent the mushrooms from growing properly. It was decided to look into the problem. The first thought was to get boxes of the same size but with holes in the sides. This allowed the mushrooms to grow everywhere. But because there is no space between the boxes, the mushrooms would have difficulties in growing. But if it had holes, it would need a system to create that space, which would increase the size of the already large product, in addition to requiring complete control of the roller conveyor. The second thought was to reduce the height of these boxes, which would allow the mushrooms to grow well, while eliminating all the problems of the previous solutions. So it was decided to go with this second proposal. 
-The first box’s format was created with the intention of only using the coffee grounds once. But it appeared that the coffee ground can be used twice. So the idea of redoing this process was added into the previous design which gave a new format. Hear the new coffee-mush is composed of two level: the dark room and the light room. It can be filled with 14 boxes on each level allowing the reuse of the coffee! A hole was made in the second stairs so the air can flow into the first one allowing all the mushrooms to be at the best condition. The only inconvenience about this new design is that whenever the dark room is finished for your mush it will be needed to take them by hand to the light room. Besides, one ESP-32CAM was added to be able to see the mushrooms in the dark room and in the light room. +Here is the structure, made up of a large box, a glass part, the small boxes, the doors, the roller conveyors and all the sensors needed for the composter to work properly. The first two doors, on the left and right, are used to load and unload the small boxes of coffee and mushrooms. The third door allows access to the water tank, which is connected to the valve. The roller conveyor allows the small boxes to be moved forward by gravity. The main purpose of the glass part is to let the light through, but it also allows you to see the progress of the mushrooms.
-The current litte box format was not good. In fact, they were much too high and this would prevent the mushrooms from growing properly. The decision was to look into the problem. The first thought was to get boxes of the same size but with holes on the side. Allowing the mushrooms to grow everywhere. However, as boxes have no space between them, the mushrooms would have had difficulty growing. But if it has holes it needs a system to create this space, which will increase the size of the already large product in addition to requiring complete control over the rail. The second thought was to shorten the height of these boxes, allowing the mushrooms to have good growth while eliminating all the problems of the previous solutions. This is why the decision was to go with this second proposal. +
- +
-Here is the structure, it is made up of a large box, a glass part, 19 small boxes, a door, a cover, a rail, as well as all the sensors necessary for the proper functioning of the composter. +
-The first two doors located on the left and right are used to bring in and take out the small boxes containing the coffee and the mushrooms. The third door is used to provide access to the water tank which will be connected to the valve. The rail will allow, thanks to the power of gravity, to move the small boxes forward. The main purpose of the glass part is to let the light pass through, but it also allows to see the progress of mushrooms.+
  
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
-<figure first3d> +<figure box1> 
-{{:box1.png?1000|}} +{{:boxx1.png?1000|}} 
-<caption>3D model</caption>+<caption>3D model 1</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 <WRAP center centeralign> <WRAP center centeralign>
-<figure drawing1> +<figure box2> 
-{{:box2.png?1000|}} <caption>3D model</caption>+{{:boxx2.png?1000|}} <caption>3D model 2</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 <WRAP center centeralign> <WRAP center centeralign>
-<figure drawing1> +<figure box3> 
-{{:box3.png?1000|}} <caption>3D model</caption>+{{:boxx3.png?1000|}} <caption>3D model 3</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 Using two HEPA/Carbon filters, one for incoming air and one for outgoing air, helps ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness of the filtration system and also guarantees that no bad odors can escape or external contaminants can enter, even when the ventilator is turned off. Using two HEPA/Carbon filters, one for incoming air and one for outgoing air, helps ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness of the filtration system and also guarantees that no bad odors can escape or external contaminants can enter, even when the ventilator is turned off.
- 
-=== - Rail === 
- 
-The rail in the coffee composter serves a crucial purpose in optimizing the composting process and promoting mushroom growth. It facilitates the controlled movement of coffee from one chamber to another, enabling precise control over the environmental conditions necessary for mushroom growth. 
- 
-Here's how it functions: 
- 
-Detection of Optimal Conditions: Before the rail activates, sensors integrated into the composter continuously monitor environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, and oxygen levels. When these conditions reach the required levels for mushroom growth, the system is ready to proceed. 
- 
-Electronic Activation of the Rail: Once optimal conditions are detected, the electronic system activates the rail. This process is triggered automatically by the control system, ensuring precise and efficient intervention. 
- 
-Coffee Movement: The coffee, arranged on the rail in the dark chamber, is then moved to the illuminated chamber where light promotes mushroom germination. The rail ensures smooth and steady movement of the coffee, avoiding any disruption to the composting process. 
- 
-Exposure to Light: Once in the illuminated chamber, the coffee is exposed to light, initiating the mushroom germination process. This step is essential for ensuring optimal mushroom growth and producing high-quality compost. 
- 
-In summary, the electronic rail in that coffee composter enables the controlled movement of coffee from one chamber to another, facilitating precise control over the environmental conditions necessary for mushroom growth. This helps optimize the composting process and produce nutrient-rich compost for plants. 
  
 === - Components === === - Components ===
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 === - Structure=== === - Structure===
-The schematic in the figure below represents the prototype, which is identical to the full design except for the exclusion of the CO₂ sensor, light sensor, and servo motor. In the prototype, the float switch will detect water in the water tank and send a message to the app to refill the tank. The AHT20 sensor will monitor humidity and temperature. Depending on these readings, the fan and valve can be activated. Instead of the difficult-to-obtain Mosfet 30N06L, the fan and valve are connected transistors. For a detailed step-by-step process, please refer to the explanation below the flowchart. The microcontroller ESP32 with CAM can capture images of the growing mycelium and send them to the app. For the prototype, AI detection will not be used, as training AI requires a large number of pictures and substantial time, making it infeasible for the prototype. The power on/off the device, there is a switch connected to an LED to indicate if the device is powered on.\\+The schematic in the figure below represents the prototype, which is identical to the full design except for the exclusion of the CO₂ sensor and light sensor and that only one instead of two cameras is used. In the prototype, the float switch will detect water in the water tank and send a message to the app to refill the tank. The AHT20 sensor will monitor humidity and temperature. Depending on these readings, the fan and valve can be activated. Instead of the difficult-to-obtain Mosfet 30N06L, the fan and valve are connected transistors. For a detailed step-by-step process, please refer to the explanation below the flowchart. The microcontroller ESP32 with CAM can capture images of the growing mycelium and send them to the app. For the prototype, AI detection will not be used, as training AI requires a large number of pictures and substantial time, making it infeasible for the prototype. To power on/off the device, there is a switch connected to an LED to indicate if the device is powered on.\\
 The detailed schematics are shown in the following Figure {{ref>prot}}.\\ The detailed schematics are shown in the following Figure {{ref>prot}}.\\
  
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 === - Hardware === === - Hardware ===
-Compared to the designed solution, the prototype will be made of wood and the small boxes will be made from everyday objects such as yogurt pots or halved milk cartons. The prototype will also be smaller to keep the material costs within budget. However, only the scale changes, not the construction itself. + 
-The materials for the prototype can be found in the Deliverables.+For the non-electrical parts of the prototype, the white expanded PVC sheets were reused from an old project for sustainability reasons. The dimensions of the prototype are almost the same as the proposed solution, except that the length has been reduced from 100 cm to 70 cm. The small boxes are made from reused ice-cream boxes. The top is made of acrylic glass. The difference in the proposed solution is that the acrylic glass should be recycled, but this is not so easily available. Another difference is that the water tank is an ice cream box on top of the unit, instead of being integrated into the design. Figure {{ref>prototype1}} and {{ref>prototype2}} show the prototype. 
 + 
 +<WRAP center centeralign> 
 +<figure prototype1> 
 +{{:img_2757.jpeg?800|}}<caption>Prototype opened doors</caption> 
 +</figure> 
 +</WRAP> 
 + 
 +<WRAP center centeralign> 
 +<figure prototype2> 
 +{{:img_2754.jpeg?800|}}<caption>Prototype closed doors</caption> 
 +</figure> 
 +</WRAP>
  
 === Power Budget Prototype === === Power Budget Prototype ===
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 The analysis reveals a maximum stress of 2.5 MPa. Given that the ABS material used can withstand at least 30 MPa, no stability issues are anticipated. However, it was noted that the plate intended to block light for the dark room sags by 25 mm in the middle due to its own weight. This issue will be resolved by adding some support to the upper plate. Otherwise, there are no significant deformations under normal load. The analysis reveals a maximum stress of 2.5 MPa. Given that the ABS material used can withstand at least 30 MPa, no stability issues are anticipated. However, it was noted that the plate intended to block light for the dark room sags by 25 mm in the middle due to its own weight. This issue will be resolved by adding some support to the upper plate. Otherwise, there are no significant deformations under normal load.
  
-Next, the maximum possible load uniformly distributed on the device was examined. At a load of 1000 kg on the device, only a small area exceeds the maximum stress, specifically at the middle attachment of the rail to the level, as seen in Figure {{ref>stress2}}. This element will be reinforced, as it was identified as a weak point, even though such high loads are not expected.+Next, the maximum possible load uniformly distributed on the device was examined. At a load of 1000 kg on the device, only a small area exceeds the maximum stress, specifically at the middle attachment of the roller conveyor to the level, as seen in Figure {{ref>stress2}}. This element will be reinforced, as it was identified as a weak point, even though such high loads are not expected.
  
 <WRAP center centeralign> <WRAP center centeralign>
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-The maximum stress occurs again, like in the second simulation, at the attachment of the rail to the level. This again confirms the presence of a weak point and justifies the reinforcement of the component, even though the maximum allowable stress is not exceeded.+The maximum stress occurs again, like in the second simulation, at the attachment of the roller conveyor to the level. This again confirms the presence of a weak point and justifies the reinforcement of the component, even though the maximum allowable stress is not exceeded.
  
 In conclusion, the analyses indicate that the product can withstand significant stresses and loads, thus meeting our durability and stability requirements. Additionally, material savings to reduce weight and cost could be considered. In conclusion, the analyses indicate that the product can withstand significant stresses and loads, thus meeting our durability and stability requirements. Additionally, material savings to reduce weight and cost could be considered.
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 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 +Now we are going to see how fast is the API to respond as the previous tests were more of stress tests. Table{{ref>test_table1}} holds the functional and performance (exchanged data size and latency) results of the implemented API. The
 +latency tests were made by making ten consecutive calls to each operation and
 +calculating the corresponding average and standard deviation values.
 +Table{{ref>test_table2}} presents the load impact in the longest operation (worst case). The load
 +tests consist in making 10, 100 and 1000 simultaneous requests to the operation
 +with higher average latency in table{{ref>test_table1}}.
  
 +<WRAP center centeralign>
 +
 +<table test_table1 >
 +<caption>API: functional and performance results</caption>
 +<WRAP box center leftalign 400px>
 +^ Operation ^ Method ^ Result ^ Size ( B ) ^ Average Latency (ms) ^ Latency Deviation (ms) ^
 +|Check | token | GET | OK | 207 | 6 | 0
 +|Connect | POST | OK | 332 | 9 | 7 |
 +|Disconnect | DELETE | OK | 334 | 7 | 3 |
 +|Get | Data | GET | OK | 331 | 6 | 3
 +|Get | User | GET | OK | 290 | 8 | 2
 +|Login | POST | OK | 426 | 21 | 7 |
 +|Logout | DELETE | OK | 245 | 25 | 10 |
 +|Register | PUT | OK | 315 | 14 | 1 |
 +</WRAP>
 +</table>
 +</WRAP> 
 +
 +<WRAP center centeralign>
 +
 +<table test_table2 >
 +<caption>API: load results</caption>
 +<WRAP box center leftalign 400px>
 +^Requests/Results ^ Operation ^ Method ^ Size ( B ) ^ Average Latency (ms) ^ Latency Deviation (ms) ^
 +|10/10 | Logout | GET | 245 | 36 | 11 |
 +|100/100 | Logout | GET | 245 | 28 | 8 |
 +|1000/1000 | Logout | GET | 245 | 763 | 331 |
 +</WRAP>
 +</table>
 +</WRAP>
 +These results show that the app provides a friendly user experience.
  Mqtt broker testing \\  Mqtt broker testing \\
 For the mqtt broker testing the [[https://github.com/inovex/mqtt-stresser|mqtt-stresser tool from inovex]] has been used. This tool works by creating a given number of clients and a given number of messages per client. Then all clients send messages continuously and each of them report if there is any missing message. The test has been done first using 10 clients sending 150 each and the second time 100 clients sending 50 messages each. Figures {{ref>mqtt_test1}} and {{ref>mqtt_test2}} show the results. For the mqtt broker testing the [[https://github.com/inovex/mqtt-stresser|mqtt-stresser tool from inovex]] has been used. This tool works by creating a given number of clients and a given number of messages per client. Then all clients send messages continuously and each of them report if there is any missing message. The test has been done first using 10 clients sending 150 each and the second time 100 clients sending 50 messages each. Figures {{ref>mqtt_test1}} and {{ref>mqtt_test2}} show the results.
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 To conclude, CoffeeMush was developed to be a smart device that makes mushrooms out of coffee grounds and mushroom spawn. It is designed to have two separate rooms: a dark room for the mycelium to develop and a light room for the mushrooms to grow.  To conclude, CoffeeMush was developed to be a smart device that makes mushrooms out of coffee grounds and mushroom spawn. It is designed to have two separate rooms: a dark room for the mycelium to develop and a light room for the mushrooms to grow. 
  
-There are multiple sensors to keep track of the conditions and adjust if necessary. The water level sensor, CO2 sensor, light sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are connected to an application. The application shows the customer the conditions and notifies if the water tank needs to be refilled for example. When the humidity is too low, the valve automatically turns on, spraying water over the boxes. Besides these sensors there is also a ventilator in each room for circulation of the air. Additionally, there is a camera, which can take pictures of the boxes with mycelium or mushrooms to show in the app and to know if the box is ready to go into the light room. The boxes with coffee waste, mycelium and finally mushrooms move on a rail which is electronically controlled to move the box from the dark room to the light room.+There are multiple sensors to keep track of the conditions and adjust if necessary. The water level sensor, CO2 sensor, light sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are connected to an application. The application shows the customer the conditions and notifies if the water tank needs to be refilled for example. When the humidity is too low, the valve automatically opens and increases the humidity. Besides the sensors there is also a ventilator for circulation of the air. Additionally, there are two cameras, which can take pictures of the boxes with mycelium and mushrooms to show in the app and to know if the box is ready to go into the light room. The boxes with coffee waste, mycelium and mushrooms move on a roller conveyor.
  
 In the electronic circuit, the sensors mentioned in the text above are connected to power. Additionally, there are components like a regulator, capacitor, resistor and transistor are added for safety and to make sure the right amounts of power are connected. In the electronic circuit, the sensors mentioned in the text above are connected to power. Additionally, there are components like a regulator, capacitor, resistor and transistor are added for safety and to make sure the right amounts of power are connected.
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 The packaging solution is a solution for reusing the package of the product. In the case of Coffeemush, the package is made to make two bags out of it. These bags can be made for transportation of coffee grounds or mushrooms. The bags are easily made out of the package; only the straps for the handles need to be adjusted. The material of the packaging is mycelium; a sustainable, renewable and degradable material. The packaging solution is a solution for reusing the package of the product. In the case of Coffeemush, the package is made to make two bags out of it. These bags can be made for transportation of coffee grounds or mushrooms. The bags are easily made out of the package; only the straps for the handles need to be adjusted. The material of the packaging is mycelium; a sustainable, renewable and degradable material.
  
-The functional tests are successfully done for the design of CoffeeMush, which finalizes the project of CoffeeMush. The next chapter will revise, conclude and dig deeper for further development.+The functional tests are done for the design of CoffeeMush, which finalizes the project of CoffeeMush. The next chapter will revise, conclude and dig deeper for further development.
 ===== - Conclusions ===== ===== - Conclusions =====
 ==== - Discussion ==== ==== - Discussion ====
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